DA conceived the original idea behind this work. DA and AF designed the methods and experiments. AF selected the datasets, implemented the methods, and executed the experiments. DA and AF analyzed and interpreted the results. AF wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.AF and DA were supported in part by funds from the University of Houston.
Two-dimensional plot displaying amino acid distribution according to the first and second principal components from the dimensionality reduction. Similar residues are grouped at closest distances, e.g., Isoleucine, Valine, and Leucine. Proline and Arginine are outliers.Histograms of Coulomb interactions. Short-range Coulomb interactions were calculated using the software gmx energy from Gromacs, and divided into intervals .