The team combined data from seven separate task force-funded studies to arrive at a broader picture of how immunity levels change in Canada. Like a series of snapshots, it records the story of the pandemic in three acts: The initial period before vaccines were available, the rollout period and the rise of Omicron.
In contrast, nucleocapsid antibodies only began to show up strongly with the rise of the variants, and then dramatically as Omicron took over. Despite its size, the study also comes with limitations, Dr. Buckeridge said. For example, it cannot disentangle the effects of multiple infections or of varying numbers of vaccine boosts among individuals.
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